What is a common side effect of thiazide diuretics?

Thiazide diuretics are primarily used to manage high blood pressure and edema by promoting the excretion of sodium and water. A common side effect of thiazide diuretics is low potassium levels, known as hypokalemia. This occurs because thiazides inhibit sodium reabsorption in the distal convoluted tubule of the kidney, leading to increased sodium and water excretion. As a result, there is also enhanced excretion of potassium, which can lead to low potassium levels in the blood.

Understanding the mechanism of thiazide diuretics helps in recognizing why low potassium levels are a concern. Monitoring potassium levels is crucial for patients on thiazide therapy to prevent complications associated with hypokalemia, such as muscle weakness, cramps, and cardiac arrhythmias.