What is meant by "allergies" in a medical context?

In a medical context, "allergies" refer specifically to a hypersensitivity of the immune system. This occurs when the immune system overreacts to certain substances that are typically harmless, known as allergens. Common allergens include pollen, pet dander, certain foods, and medications. When a person with allergies is exposed to these allergens, their immune system incorrectly identifies them as threats, leading to a range of symptoms, such as itching, swelling, and respiratory difficulties. It’s important for healthcare professionals to recognize this condition because proper diagnosis and management can significantly improve the quality of life for those affected.

The other options do not accurately define allergies. An emotional reaction to medications is related to psychological responses, rather than an immune response. Natural resistance to diseases pertains to the body’s innate ability to combat infections without prior exposure, while an inherited condition refers to genetic disorders passed down through families. These concepts are distinct from the immune hypersensitivity that characterizes allergic reactions.