What is the mechanism by which corticosteroids function in treating inflammation?

Corticosteroids are a class of steroid hormones that effectively reduce inflammation by inhibiting the immune system’s response. They exert their mechanism of action primarily by interfering with the expression of inflammatory mediators, such as cytokines and chemokines, which play a crucial role in the inflammatory response. This inhibition leads to a decrease in the activation and function of various immune cells, such as T cells and macrophages, thereby reducing inflammation and swelling in tissues.

The role of corticosteroids in the management of conditions like asthma, arthritis, and allergies underscores their ability to modulate immune responses. This suppression of inflammation can alleviate symptoms associated with these conditions, providing relief to patients.

While relaxing smooth muscles may help alleviate symptoms in specific respiratory conditions, it is not the primary action of corticosteroids. Similarly, elevating pain threshold and reducing cough reflex are not accurate representations of corticosteroids' mechanisms, which specifically target the inflammatory processes involved in the immune response.