What type of medications can increase blood pressure and heart rate as a side effect?

Decongestants are known to potentially increase blood pressure and heart rate as a side effect due to their mechanism of action. These medications work by constricting blood vessels in the nasal passages to reduce swelling and congestion. This vasoconstriction can lead to an increase in systemic blood pressure. Furthermore, by stimulating the sympathetic nervous system, decongestants can also elevate heart rate. This is particularly relevant in individuals who may already have elevated blood pressure or heart conditions, making it important for them to consult with healthcare professionals before using decongestants.

Expectorants do not have this effect; their primary function is to help loosen mucus in the airways, making it easier to cough. Antihistamines generally work to block histamine and alleviate allergy symptoms, and while some may have stimulating effects, they do not primarily increase blood pressure or heart rate. Antidepressants encompass a wide range of medications, some of which might affect cardiovascular function, but they are not specifically associated with the direct effects that decongestants have on blood pressure and heart rate.